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Section 3 / thermal and material effects

Thermal and Material Effects

Thermal strain, material knockdowns, stiffness changes, elastic allowables, and design sensitivity studies.

03

Ramberg-Osgood curve with Neuber and Glinka notch corrections for local stress and strain at a stress concentration.

Stress-strain curve with a notch correction hyperbola.
Open Ramberg-Osgood & Neuber → 🔒 Login required
04

Interference, contact pressure and interface stress of a pin, shaft or bushing fit in a housing when the parts expand differently with temperature.

A pin in a housing with expansion arrows.
Open Thermal Fit & Misfit → 🔒 Login required
05

Reserve factors and margins after temperature, basis and special-factor knockdowns, with the sensitivity of the margin to the allowable.

A bar of allowable strength reduced by knockdown factors.
Open Allowable Reserve Factor → 🔒 Login required
07

Heat flow, efficiency, effectiveness and tip temperature of a straight rectangular fin.

A rectangular fin with a temperature profile.
Open Cooling Fin → 🔒 Login required
08

Exponential heating or cooling of a thin part: time constant, Biot number, temperature at a time and time to a target.

A temperature curve rising toward the surroundings temperature.
Open Lumped Thermal Transient → 🔒 Login required
09

Steady radial conduction through a tube wall with an outside film: heat flow, outer surface temperature and temperature profile.

A tube cross-section with a temperature gradient across the wall.
Open Radial Conduction Tube → 🔒 Login required
10

Equilibrium surface temperature from the balance of absorbed sunlight and internal heat against radiation and convection.

A surface in sunlight radiating heat to a cold sink.
Open Radiative Equilibrium → 🔒 Login required
11

Curvature, radius and cantilever tip movement of a two-layer strip with different expansion coefficients.

A two-layer strip bent by heating.
Open Bimetal Strip → 🔒 Login required
12

Reynolds number, Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and heat moved for flow in a round pipe.

Flow inside a heated pipe.
Open Pipe Convection → 🔒 Login required
13

Volume flow, mass flow and jet velocity through a sharp orifice from the pressure drop.

Flow through an orifice plate in a pipe.
Open Orifice Flow → 🔒 Login required
15

Temperature at depth, surface heat flux and penetration depth in a thick solid after a surface temperature step.

Heat spreading into a thick solid.
Open Thick Solid Heating → 🔒 Login required
16

Gap change and closing temperature for a stack of parts in a housing with different expansion.

Parts stacked in a housing with a small gap.
Open Thermal Growth Gap → 🔒 Login required
17

Effectiveness, heat transferred and outlet temperatures of a counterflow or parallel-flow heat exchanger.

A counterflow heat exchanger.
Open Heat Exchanger NTU → 🔒 Login required
18

Strain, plastic strain, secant and tangent modulus at a stress by the Ramberg-Osgood relation, with the curve.

A stress-strain curve with a gradual yield.
Open Ramberg-Osgood Curve → 🔒 Login required
22

Heat flow, efficiency, effectiveness and tip temperature of a straight rectangular fin.

A rectangular fin on a hot wall.
Open Fin Heat Transfer → 🔒 Login required
29

Peak surface stress in a plate after a step change in surface temperature, from the Biot number.

A plate cooled quickly at its surface.
Open Thermal Shock Stress → 🔒 Login required
30

Curvature and deflection of a beam with a temperature difference across its depth, with the held-straight stress.

A beam bowing from a hot face and a cold face.
Open Beam Thermal Gradient → 🔒 Login required
31

Dew point, vapor pressure and humidity ratio from temperature and relative humidity.

A cold surface with condensation from moist air.
Open Dew Point → 🔒 Login required
32

Log-mean temperature difference and required area for a counter-flow or parallel-flow heat exchanger.

A heat exchanger with a hot and a cold stream.
Open Heat Exchanger LMTD → 🔒 Login required
34

Temperature rise of a fluid carrying a heat load, and the flow needed for an allowed rise.

A fluid stream warming as it passes a heat source.
Open Fluid Heat Rise → 🔒 Login required