CFRP Laminate structure MRB analysis and reporting on manufacturing or in-service defects.
Section 3 / stress analysis toolkit
The suite is organized around the checks engineers repeat daily. Each tool should turn inputs, assumptions, and theory into a clear engineering result.
🛠️ Open the Interactive Workbench →Every tool in one application-style window — browse by category, load a tool inline, no page reloads.
Compression, shear, bending, pressure, combined loading, local instability, and stiffener interaction.
Plate bending stiffness and local buckling View tools →Bearing, bypass, tear-out, net-section, lug, pin, bolted-joint, and fitting load transfer checks.
Bearing, tear-out and net-section strength View tools →Section properties, shear flow, bending stress, torsion, column buckling, crippling, and interaction ratios.
Combined axial and bending interaction View tools →Hoop stress, meridional stress, fabric loads, pressure-vessel checks, and envelope attachment load paths.
Hoop and longitudinal pressure stress View tools →Eigenvalue buckling, knockdown factors, shell sensitivity, panel crippling, and slender member stability.
Eigenvalue buckling and knockdown View tools →Thermal strain, material knockdowns, stiffness changes, elastic allowables, and design sensitivity studies.
Thermal strain and temperature effects View tools →Orthotropic stiffness, transformed plies, laminate resultants, failure indices, and directional margins.
Classical laminate theory View tools →Limit and ultimate loads, reserve factors, margin of safety reports, and consistent calculation templates.
Reserve factors and margins of safety View tools →Resistors, capacitors, inductors, filters, converters, motors, batteries, power, sensors, signal conditioning and communication links.
Circuits, power and signal conditioning View tools →Atmosphere and airspeed, lift, drag, stability, flight performance, propulsion, high-speed flow and orbital mechanics.
Lift, drag and flight performance View tools →Basic mechanics, energy, kinematics, rotation, thermodynamics, acoustics and optics relations for quick engineering estimates.
Mechanics, energy, waves and optics View tools →Reusable assumptions, equations, units, references, load cases, and audit-ready calculation summaries.
Margin of safety reporting View tools →CFRP Laminate structure MRB analysis and reporting on manufacturing or in-service defects.
Loading parametric study creating Potato plots of stress, strain, loading and deformation.
NASA checks on bolted joint integrity to 'NASA-STD-5020A'.
Buckling, Crippling, Fatigue and Damage Tolerance Analysis.
Stress Concentration Analysis.
Tension Fitting and Lug Analysis.
EJMA bellows convolution stress and parametric fatigue analysis.
Unified Thread Standard (UN/UNF/UNEF) dimension lookup, Class 2A/2B.
Aircraft fuselage hoop and longitudinal skin stress, window cutout concentration, and frame-bay deflection.
Flight comfort and gust response — discrete-gust incremental load factor (Pratt gust method, FAR/CS-25 §25.341).
O-ring seal geometric and configuration analysis — mandrel, bore, shaft/piston, groove sizing, percent fill, and lead-in diameter.
Threaded fastener and wire thread insert joint analysis — tensile and thread shear strength, bolt/member joint stiffness, and torque-to-preload.
Section 3.2 / fatigue analysis toolkit
Cyclic-loading checks for metallic and bonded structure — S-N and strain-life fatigue, crack-growth life, and cumulative-damage (Miner's rule) assessment.
S-N / strain-life fatigue and cumulative damage (Miner's rule) analysis.
Fatigue crack-growth life (da/dN) analysis to a critical crack length.
Hinge lug and actuator lug pin-loaded-hole fatigue life: ESDU 81006 / Peterson-style stress concentration, Goodman mean-stress correction, interchangeable quality factor, power-law S-N life and scatter-factor margin.
These two reserved tools await further fatigue-analysis source data and will be built out into full interactive calculators, matching the rest of Section 3, as it arrives.
Section 3.3 / additional stress analysis tools
Beam, column, torsion, pressure-cylinder, plate-buckling, fracture, stress-state and notch-plasticity checks, plus spectrum fatigue, cold-formed sections, multi-span beams and reliability.
36 tabulated beam cases with superposition: reactions, shear, moment, slope, deflection and stresses, plus layered and bimetallic beams.
Beam shear, bending moment and deflection with margins for cantilever, simply supported and fixed-fixed beams under point or uniform load.
Beam-column interaction: secant moment amplification under axial compression with lateral load or end moments, stress and interaction margin.
Thin-wall torsion of closed tubes and boxes: shear stress, twist and stiffness, compared with the open-slit section.
Thick-wall cylinder under internal and external pressure: Lamé stresses, von Mises margin, bore growth and first-yield pressure.
Flat-plate buckling under compression, shear and combined loading with selectable edge conditions and a plasticity cutoff.
Fracture residual strength: stress intensity, critical crack size and residual-strength diagram for through, edge and surface cracks.
Mohr's circle, principal stresses and von Mises, Tresca and maximum-principal margins with the plane-stress yield locus.
Ramberg-Osgood curve with Neuber and Glinka notch corrections for local stress and strain at a stress concentration.
Rainflow cycle counting of a load history with Miner damage by stress-life and strain-life (Morrow, SWT) methods.
Direct Strength Method column, beam and beam-column strength for cold-formed steel sections from local, distortional and global buckling loads.
Continuous multi-span beam, pin or bolt on several supports: reactions, shear, moment, deflection and combined stress.
Stress-strength interference reliability of a series system of items with redundancy, mission failure probability and failure rate.
Section properties for common and custom beam sections: area, centroid, inertia, elastic and plastic moduli, shape factor, torsion constant and fiber stress.
Shear flow, shear stress, shear center and torque for an idealized single-cell box beam or frame bay under a vertical shear load.
Column buckling with the Johnson-Euler curve and the secant formula for eccentricity, plus an element-by-element local buckling and crippling estimate.
Hertz contact for ball and line contacts, including a cylinder in a groove: contact patch, peak pressure, subsurface shear and yield margin.
Thread shear areas and stripping loads for the bolt and the nut or tapped hole, the bolt tensile capacity and the engagement length needed to balance them.
Bending moment, shear, bearing and combined bending-shear margin for a bolt or pin in double shear through a lug and clevis.
Miles equation and spectrum integration for a single-degree-of-freedom item: RMS and 3-sigma acceleration, displacement, equivalent static load and stress margin.
Throat stress and margins for a fillet weld group under shear, torsion, axial force and bending using the weld-as-a-line method.
Interference, contact pressure and interface stress of a pin, shaft or bushing fit in a housing when the parts expand differently with temperature.
Helical compression spring rate, stress and solid height, and Belleville washer stack load-deflection with series and parallel stacking.
Reserve factors and margins after temperature, basis and special-factor knockdowns, with the sensitivity of the margin to the allowable.
Bolt loads for gasket seating and operation, required bolt area, bolt margin and gasket contact stress for a bolted flange.
Buckling of sheet between fasteners as a short column: buckling stress, plasticity cut-off, margin and largest pitch.
Steady heat flow and interface temperatures through up to three metal layers with contact resistance.
Moment-curvature bending past yield with a Ramberg-Osgood curve: stress, strain, plastic modulus and moment capacity.
Seat contact load and pressure for a poppet or flat seal, sealing ratio, bearing margin and minimum spring preload.
Wall stress, proof and burst margins and predicted burst pressure for a cylinder or sphere using the thick-wall solution.
Fatigue life scatter factor from test data at a chosen reliability and confidence, and the Gumbel estimate of a rare maximum load.
Block fatigue damage with a two-point S-N curve, Goodman mean-stress correction, notch factor and Miner summation, with life and margin.
Cycles to grow a crack from its initial to its critical length using the Paris law, with scatter factor and margin.
Lateral-torsional buckling of a slender rectangular or I-section beam: critical moment with warping, cut-off and margin.
One table of margins of safety from many checks: lowest margin, its line, count of negative margins and a bar plot.
Local notch-root stress and strain past yield from Kt, the nominal stress and a Ramberg-Osgood curve using Neuber's rule.
Deflection and maximum bending stress of a rectangular plate under uniform pressure with simply supported or clamped edges.
Shear load on each fastener of a pattern under an eccentric load: direct and torsional parts, worst fastener and margin.
Face stress, core shear, deflection with shear deformation and wrinkling for a simply supported sandwich beam or panel strip.
Axial buckling of a thin cylinder: classical stress, empirical knockdown factor, design stress and margin.
Restrained thermal stress in a bar or two joined bars, with yield and ultimate margins after temperature knockdown.
Discontinuity moment, shear and peak stress where a pressurized cylinder meets a hemispherical head.
Reactions, bearing stress and bending margin for a beam held in a socket and loaded sideways.
Deflection and maximum bending stress of a flat circular cover under uniform pressure, simply supported or clamped.
Convert a point or vector between two 3D coordinate systems with an origin shift and three rotations; gives the rotation matrix.
Heat flow, efficiency, effectiveness and tip temperature of a straight rectangular fin.
Combined-load margin of safety from a general interaction equation with two or three ratios and their exponents.
Exponential heating or cooling of a thin part: time constant, Biot number, temperature at a time and time to a target.
Area, centroid, inertia, principal axes and section moduli of any solid polygon from its corner points.
Preload from tightening torque with a nut factor, preload spread from wrench and friction scatter, and bolt stress margin.
Member forces, stresses and buckling margins for a two-bar pin-jointed truss loaded at the shared joint.
Median-rank Weibull fit of failure lives: shape, characteristic life, B10, mean life and reliability at a chosen life.
First three bending natural frequencies of a uniform cantilever, simply supported or fixed-fixed beam, with tip mass on a cantilever.
Peak force, deflection, impact factor and deceleration for a weight dropped onto a linear spring-like structure.
Shear and bearing stress in a rectangular shaft key, shaft shear stress, margins and required key length.
First-yield and fully plastic torque, shape factor and twist of a solid round bar or tube, with margins.
Principal stresses, maximum shear, von Mises and Tresca stress and yield margins from the six components of a 3D stress state.
Steady radial conduction through a tube wall with an outside film: heat flow, outer surface temperature and temperature profile.
Equilibrium surface temperature from the balance of absorbed sunlight and internal heat against radiation and convection.
Reliability of series, parallel or k-of-n arrangements, with the weakest component and the part reliability needed for a target.
Reactions, support and span bending moments and bending stress of a beam on three supports with uniform loads on each span.
Contact pressure, PV value, Archard wear volume and depth, and time to reach an allowable wear depth for a sliding contact.
Deflection, moment and support pressure for a long beam on a continuous elastic foundation under a point load.
Curvature, radius and cantilever tip movement of a two-layer strip with different expansion coefficients.
Unidirectional lamina stiffness from fiber and matrix properties and fiber fraction, simple and Halpin-Tsai estimates.
Peak stress, Euler load and load to first yield for an eccentrically loaded column by the secant formula.
Peak bending moment, stresses and margins for a pin in double shear through a center lug and two outer lugs.
Torsion constant, peak shear stress and twist for an open section built of thin strips such as an angle or channel.
Reynolds number, Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and heat moved for flow in a round pipe.
Hoop and radial centrifugal stress in a solid disc or a disc with a hole, and the speed at first yield.
Shear buckling coefficient, critical stress and margin for a flat rectangular web with simply supported or clamped edges.
Combined stiffness, deflection, load sharing and stored energy for springs or load paths in series or in parallel.
Deflection, slope, moment and reaction for six standard beam load cases.
Preload change, bolt stress and clamp loss for a bolt and clamped stack with different expansion.
Lewis bending stress, tooth force and margin for a spur gear tooth.
Contact pressure, hub bore stress and friction torque capacity of a solid shaft pressed into a hub.
Volume flow, mass flow and jet velocity through a sharp orifice from the pressure drop.
Buckling coefficient, critical stress and margin for a flat plate in edge compression.
Rivet shear, plate bearing and net-section capacity and margin for a riveted lap joint.
Natural frequency, magnification and transmissibility of a damped mass on a spring.
Hoop, radial and axial stress through a thick cylinder wall under internal and external pressure.
Von Mises stress and margins in a round tube under axial load, bending, torque and shear.
Rated life in revolutions and hours for a rolling bearing, with reliability factor and required load rating.
Peak and average adhesive shear stress and margins in a single-lap bonded joint.
Effective width and carried load of a thin compression plate loaded past its buckling stress.
Convert stress and pressure, force, length and moment between common engineering units.
Goodman and Gerber fatigue safety factors and a yield check for a cyclic stress with mean value.
Friction factor, pressure drop and head loss for flow in a round pipe.
Collapse pressure and margin for a long thin tube or ring under external pressure.
Temperature at depth, surface heat flux and penetration depth in a thick solid after a surface temperature step.
First lateral critical speed of a shaft on two supports with a disc at mid-span, and separation from running speed.
Gap change and closing temperature for a stack of parts in a housing with different expansion.
Joint shear flow and largest fastener pitch for a built-up beam, with the margin at a chosen pitch.
Effectiveness, heat transferred and outlet temperatures of a counterflow or parallel-flow heat exchanger.
Total temperature and pressure, dynamic pressure, speed and recovery temperature at a Mach number.
Strain, plastic strain, secant and tangent modulus at a stress by the Ramberg-Osgood relation, with the curve.
Torque from power and speed, shear stress, twist and margin for a solid or hollow round shaft.
Temperature, pressure, density, sound speed and viscosity of the standard atmosphere to 20 km.
Principal strains and stresses, maximum shear and von Mises stress from a rectangular strain gauge rosette.
Hoop and axial stress, yield and burst pressure and required wall for a thin cylinder or sphere.
Thermal stress from a gradient through a plate or from a uniform rise with restrained expansion.
Amplified moment, deflection and stress of a pin-ended beam under axial compression and transverse load.
Tension, support angle, length and margin of a uniformly loaded cable from span and sag.
Inside and outside fiber bending stress and neutral axis of a curved beam of rectangular section.
Load factor, turn radius and rate for a level turn or pull-up, with the stall speed at that load factor.
Mass of gas, pressure after a temperature change and stored energy of an ideal gas in a rigid tank.
Total weight, center of gravity and moments of inertia from a list of weights and positions.
Mean, standard deviation and normal-distribution A-basis and B-basis values from a list of test results.
Area, second moments, moduli and radii of gyration for rectangle, circle, tube, box and I sections.
Linear or log-log interpolation of a pasted x and y table, with the slope and a plot.
Worst-case and statistical tolerance stack-up with the gap range and margin against a required gap.
Margin after allowable knock-down and load growth, with break-even values.
Forces, stresses and junction movement of a two-segment bar fixed at both ends with load and heating.
Kinetic energy, heat sink temperature rise, final temperature and stopping distance for a braking stop.
Cabin to outside pressure difference at altitude and the hoop and axial stress in a round skin.
Strut stroke and gear load needed to absorb a sink speed, with the margin on the available stroke.
Speed, period and escape speed of circular and elliptical orbits, and two-burn transfer velocity changes.
Velocity change from specific impulse and mass ratio, or propellant for a given velocity change.
Face wrinkling and intracell dimpling stresses of a sandwich panel in compression, with margin.
Peak and average shear stress from a transverse force in common beam sections, with margin.
Tightening torque for a target preload, preload scatter and yield margin at the highest preload.
Peak stress and center deflection of a round plate under pressure, clamped or simply supported.
Centroid, inertia, section moduli and bending stress of a section built from parts.
Apex and equator membrane stress of an ellipsoidal or hemispherical pressure head, with margin.
Heat flow, efficiency, effectiveness and tip temperature of a straight rectangular fin.
Stored energy, rim speed, hoop stress and speed limit of a thin ring flywheel.
Pin shear capacity (single or double) and member bearing capacity, with margins.
Free growth, and the stress and force in a bar held against thermal growth, with yield margin.
Engineering to true stress and strain, plastic strain, and a two-point power law fit.
Mach, true, calibrated and equivalent airspeed and dynamic pressure at altitude.
Gross lift and net payload of a helium, hydrogen or hot air envelope at altitude.
Tension ratio and holding force for a rope wrapped round a drum.
Larson-Miller parameter and equivalent creep time or temperature.
Overall ratio, output speed, torque and power of a two-stage spur gear train.
Film coefficient and heat loss of a vertical plate in still air by natural convection.
Net radiant exchange between parallel gray plates and the effect of radiation shields.
Bend allowance, setback, bend deduction and flat length of a single sheet metal bend.
Shear stress, torsion constant and twist of a closed thin-wall round or box section.
Root shear, bending moment and stress of a wing with elliptical lift and weight relief.
Stagnation and recovery temperature of a surface in high speed flight.
Fabric tension, needed strength and margin of a pressurized sphere or cylinder envelope.
Glide range, sink rate and time from the lift-to-drag ratio, height and wind.
Push and pull force, speed, power and rod stress of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder.
Concentration factor, net and peak stress of a plate with a central hole in tension.
Raising and lowering torque, efficiency and self-locking of a power screw.
Thrust, induced velocity and efficiency of a propeller from power by the actuator disc method.
Exit Mach, thrust, characteristic velocity and specific impulse of an ideal rocket nozzle.
Peak acceleration, amplification and displacement of an item hit by a half-sine shock pulse.
Natural frequency, transmissibility and isolation efficiency of a spring mount.
Range and endurance of a jet or propeller aircraft from the weight burned and lift-to-drag ratio.
Subsonic and choked gas mass flow through an opening, with the critical pressure ratio.
Tension in each leg of a multi-leg lifting sling from load and angle, with margin.
Center and surface temperature of a plate suddenly exposed to a hot or cold fluid.
Quarter, half or full bridge output voltage and sensitivity for a strain.
Stall and lift-off speed, ground roll distance and time from weight, wing area and thrust.
Time to drain an open tank through a bottom orifice, with flow rates and level history.
Elongation, stiffness and peak stress of a uniformly tapered round or rectangular bar.
Peak surface stress in a plate after a step change in surface temperature, from the Biot number.
Bending stress, rate and deflection of a round-wire helical torsion spring with yield margin.
Centroid, inertia, shear center position and torque for a thin-wall channel section.
Air density and density altitude from pressure altitude and temperature.
Surface, size, load, temperature and reliability corrections to the endurance limit and a Goodman check.
End moments, reactions and span moment of a fixed-fixed beam under common loads.
Reynolds number, friction coefficient and friction drag of a flat plate in an airstream.
Lift curve slope of a finite wing, lift coefficient and induced drag.
Curvature and deflection of a beam with a temperature difference across its depth, with the held-straight stress.
Notch sensitivity and fatigue notch factor from the stress concentration, radius and strength.
Pressure drop in a pipe run from friction, fittings and height, with drop against flow.
Wall thickness, mass and performance factor for a spherical or cylindrical pressure tank.
Range, peak height, flight time and impact conditions of a projectile without air drag.
Pump hydraulic and shaft power with a suction head margin against cavitation.
Sound pressure level, combined level of several sources and level change with distance.
Peak shear stress, torsion constant and twist of a solid rectangular bar under torque.
Bending stress at a point of a section loaded about both axes with a product of inertia, and the neutral axis angle.
Resistance, voltage drop, loss and current density for a copper or aluminum wire run.
Output force, pin reaction and bearing stress of a bellcrank with two arms at an angle.
Block shear tear-out capacity of a plate at a fastener row.
Dew point, vapor pressure and humidity ratio from temperature and relative humidity.
Force against stroke and energy absorbed for a gas spring.
Log-mean temperature difference and required area for a counter-flow or parallel-flow heat exchanger.
Total force, center of pressure and base moment on a vertical wall holding liquid.
Worst bending moment and shear on a simple span as a pair of loads crosses it.
Area replacement screening check for a nozzle opening in a pressurized shell.
Time, turns and energy to spin a rotating body up to speed under a drive torque.
Power to hold a speed on a grade from rolling resistance, air drag, grade and acceleration.
Belt length, wrap angles and speeds for an open belt on two pulleys.
Peak velocity, acceleration and jerk of a cam follower rise for harmonic or cycloidal motion.
Resultant, moments and line of action for a list of coplanar forces.
Push and hold force for a block on an inclined plane with friction, and self-locking.
Bending stress, deflection and rate of a semi-elliptic leaf spring under a center load.
Thermal growth of a pipe run and the bending stress in an expansion leg.
Time constant, voltage, current and standard fractional times for an RC circuit.
Critical deflection and buckling margin of a helical compression spring.
Terminal speed and speed against time for a body falling with air drag.
Corrected torque wrench setting when an extension is added, with the over-torque if not corrected.
Stroke, force and deceleration for a crushable energy absorber stopping a mass.
Draft, metacentric height and righting arm of a rectangular floating body.
Temperature rise of a fluid carrying a heat load, and the flow needed for an allowed rise.
Tangential, radial and axial tooth forces on a helical gear.
Force and power of a liquid jet on a plate, vane or cup, fixed or moving.
Centrifugal force, g-load and fastener load of a mass on a rotating arm.
Volume, surface area and weight of common solid shapes.
Sizes, ratio, base circles and contact ratio of a pair of standard spur gears.
Wave speed, surge pressure and hoop stress for a valve closure in a liquid line.
Lead angle, efficiency, output torque and self-locking of a worm gear pair.
Load factor, radius, rate and stall speed of an aircraft in a level banked turn.
Battery runtime for a power load with efficiency, usable capacity and rate effects.
First three transverse natural frequencies and wave speed of a taut cable.
Single-stage compressor power and discharge temperature for common gases.
First three natural frequencies of a simply supported rectangular plate.
Path loss, received level, link margin and range for a free-space radio link.
Reynolds number, regime, friction factor and pressure drop per 100 ft of pipe.
Power and daily energy of a solar panel with temperature and system losses.
Torsional natural frequency of two discs on a shaft, with separation from operating speed.
Wind power, rotor power, tip speed ratio and thrust, with a power curve.
Rate of climb, climb angle and best rate of climb of a propeller aircraft.
Yawing moment from an engine failure, rudder force needed and available.
Pressure and wall force in a fuel tank under a load factor with ullage pressure.
Net thrust, fuel consumption and propulsive efficiency of a jet engine.
Split of an axial load between the skin and stringers of a stiffened panel.
Pressure load on a plug door and the load per stop fitting with a sharing factor.
Induced velocity, hover power, disc loading and tip speed of a hovering rotor.
Web buckling stress, diagonal tension factor and equivalent web stress for a stiffened shear web.
Wing loading and stall speed at altitude and load factor.
Neutral point, static margin and tail volume of a wing and tail aircraft.
Temperature drop through two layers and an interface in series.
Damping ratio, Q and decay times from a free vibration decay.
Gas volume of an accumulator for a delivered fluid volume and pressure range.
Joint constant, bolt load and clamp load remaining under an external pull.
Transmission loss of a thin panel from surface mass and the coincidence frequency.
In-plane bending natural frequencies of a thin circular ring.
Stress intensity factor and fracture margin for central, edge and surface cracks.
Natural frequencies and mode shapes of two masses in a spring chain.
Pump-down time from a starting to a target pressure with a constant gas load.
Bearing pressure under a washer or bolt head and the washer size for an allowable.
Reactions, shear, moment, stress and deflection of a beam with several point loads.
Direct and twisting load on each bolt of a pattern for an off-center in-plane load.
Heater power to warm a mass in a given time, with loss and efficiency.
Flow, head and power of a pump or fan after a speed or diameter change.
Gyroscopic moment and extra bearing loads from turning a spinning rotor.
Exact pendulum period, bottom speed and peak cord tension at any amplitude.
Weight and size of a hollow shaft against a solid shaft of the same torque strength.
Twist, stiffness and shear stress of a shaft with several round segments.
First two sloshing frequencies of liquid in an upright round tank.
Flow from a valve Cv and pressure drop, or the Cv a flow needs.
Concrete bearing and plate thickness for a column base plate.
Alternating and mean bolt stress with Goodman and yield margins.
Ratio, chain length, speed, pull and wrap of a two-sprocket chain drive.
Flow, torque and power of a positive displacement pump.
Output speed, torque and power of a hydraulic motor.
Flow, velocity and Froude number in a rectangular channel.
Radiant heat flow between two surfaces with a chosen number of shields.
Line pull, hook load and efficiency of a block and tackle with sheave friction.
Strain, bending force and insertion force of a cantilever snap-fit arm.
Flow over a rectangular or V-notch weir from the head over the crest.
Centrifugal pull and root stress of a rotating blade.
Best lift-to-drag ratio, lift coefficient and speed from a parabolic drag polar.
Maximum and minimum clearance or interference of a hole and shaft fit.
Flywheel inertia, stored energy, equivalent ring weight and rim stress.
Stress, sag and longest span of a pipe full of liquid between supports.
Deflection and peak bending stress in a thin ring squeezed across a diameter.
Bearing loads and bending stress in a shaft carrying one gear.
Peak acceleration, velocity and displacement of sinusoidal vibration at one frequency.
Surge frequency of a helical compression spring against its operating frequency.
Mean, alternating, range and ratios from the maximum and minimum stress.
Permissible residual unbalance of a rotor from its balance grade, weight and speed.
Force to punch a round hole in sheet and the margin against the press.
Spacing, web and edge distance of equally spaced holes on a bolt circle.
Heat loss of an insulated pipe and the critical insulation radius.
Pitch, row spacing and edge distance of fasteners as diameter multiples.
Maximum and minimum soil pressure under a rectangular footing with moment.
Push and pull force and air use of a double-acting air cylinder.
Velocity and friction pressure drop of air in a rectangular duct.
Press force to bend sheet in a V die.
Safety factor and sheave ratio of a wire rope under a working load.
Voltage, capacity, energy, mass and current of a series-parallel cell pack.
Load against deflection of a single coned disc spring.
Torque capacity of a multi-surface friction clutch for a clamp force.
Motor power to lift a load at a speed with acceleration and efficiency.
Friction torque, power loss and pressure of a lightly loaded journal bearing.
Junction temperature from power and a chain of thermal resistances.
Peak force, stroke and deceleration when a mass hits a spring stop.
Output torque, speed and shaft stress from a motor through a gear reduction.
Apparent, real and reactive power of a balanced three-phase load.
Torque, rate, arm force and shear stress of a round torsion bar.
DN value of a rolling bearing against a typical speed limit.
Bolt stretch for a preload, or the preload implied by a measured stretch.
Outer-fiber stress and smallest elastic radius for bending a strip or wire.
Approximate steel tensile strength from Brinell hardness with a margin.
Loads on the top and bottom hinges of a door from weight, width and spacing.
Extend and retract speed and cycle time of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder.
Effort, advantage and fulcrum load of a lever of any class.
Bore, next standard pipe size and actual velocity for a flow and design velocity.
Flow, head and power where a pump curve meets a system curve.
Acceleration and slope at which a block slides or tips.
Airflow to remove a heat load for an allowed air temperature rise.
Shear strain in a bonded joint from thermal expansion mismatch.
Largest bolt tension in a circular pattern from a moment and axial load.
Rated pressure of a carbon steel flange class at a temperature.
Torque capacity of a shaft with a keyseat from a strength reduction factor.
Moment components and magnitude of a force at a position in 3D.
Strength and stiffness per unit weight of library materials.
Time to raise a tank to a target pressure with a steady free-air supply.
Holding force and safety factor of suction cups for a lift or side pull.
Dynamic pressure, wind force and overturning moment on a flat surface.
Availability and mission reliability from MTBF and MTTR.
Moment of inertia from a bifilar pendulum period.
Weight and center of gravity from scale readings.
Control limits for subgroup averages and ranges.
Peak g and pad area for a cushioned drop.
Backlash range from center distance tolerance.
Smallest safe lean angle and friction needed for a ladder.
Load cell signal, amplifier headroom and load resolution.
Cp, Cpk and expected parts out of tolerance for a process and its limits.
Stroke, speed, acceleration and inertia force of a slider-crank mechanism.
Dew point and condensation margin of a surface.
Elastic collapse and yield pressure of a thin tube.
Principal stresses and Mohr circle for plane stress.
Helical and hoop layer thickness for a wound vessel.
Pulley bracket load and cable bend ratio.
Force and power for a wheeled vehicle on a grade.
Stress and stretch of a two-section axial bar.
Stopping distance and time at constant deceleration.
Flexural modulus and stress from a three-point bend test.
Pressure rise in a heated, sealed liquid volume.
Drive torque and speed for a ball screw.
Tooth forces on a straight bevel pinion.
Speed, current and efficiency of a DC motor at a load.
Position tolerance for floating and fixed fastener holes.
Fuse sizing against load and wire ampacity.
LED series resistor value and power.
Rack force and speed from pinion torque.
Reflected inertia and motor torque through a gear ratio.
Shear pin diameter and release load range.
Shear capacity of a row of spot welds.
Radius and arc length from chord and rise.
Dry coating mass and material to apply.
Run time of a compressed gas bottle.
Boil-off rate and hold time for a stored liquid.
Scaling and supply check of a 4 to 20 mA loop.
Convert between decibels and ratios.
Velocity change and time for a two-burn orbit transfer.
Thermistor resistance from the beta model.
Cracking and full-lift pressure of a relief valve.
RTD resistance, sensitivity and self-heating error.
Bearing and bypass interaction at a fastener hole.
Pull and motor power for a belt conveyor.
Natural draft pressure of a stack.
Displacement, compression ratio and piston speed.
Carnot limit and output of a heat engine.
Water volume to pressurize a vessel for test.
Liquid expansion and tank ullage check.
Equilibrium temperature of two masses.
Ply stress rotation and Tsai-Hill failure index.
Heat energy and heating time for a mass.
Guy wire tension and mast push-down.
Power from water flow and head.
Spindle speed, feed and power for milling.
Maximum moment and reaction for two moving wheel loads.
Steady parachute descent speed and time.
Required pipe wall thickness for internal pressure.
Sine bar stack height and angle error.
Convert between taper per inch, per foot and angle.
Three-wire thread measurement and pitch diameter.
Arc weld heat input per length.
Axle loads and lift-off limit when braking.
Capacitor energy and hold-up time for a load.
Encoder counts, resolution and rate.
Hydrostatic pressure and signal for a tank level.
Pressure drop of laminar flow in a round pipe.
Stepper screw drive resolution, pulse rate and torque.
Time and peak speed of a trapezoidal move.
Oil viscosity from two points on the log-log line.
Wavelength and quarter-wave length from frequency.
Rope capacity and line pull of a winch drum.
Slip capacity of a friction bolted joint.
Rebound height and bounce time from restitution.
Elastic stretch of a cable under tension.
Preload loss from joint settling.
Damping ratio and overshoot of a spring-mass-damper.
Shear, bulk and Lame constants from E and Poisson ratio.
Gear mesh frequencies and separation from a resonance.
Center deflection of a round plate under a point load.
Natural frequency and isolation from static sag.
Convert vibration displacement, velocity and acceleration.
Cavitation number of a liquid flow.
Humidity ratio and enthalpy of moist air.
Hydraulic diameter and Reynolds number for non-round ducts.
Insulation needed for a touch-safe surface.
Anchor force at a pipe bend.
Pitot tube speed from the pressure difference.
Shunt voltage, power and amplified output.
Series thermal resistance through a two-layer wall.
Flow from the pressure difference of a venturi.
The time to charge a battery depends on its capacity, the charge to be added, the current, and the efficiency.
Independent uncertainty sources combine by root sum of squares.
A capacitor bank raises the power factor of an inductive load.
A switched supply with a duty cycle gives an average and an effective voltage.
One resistor in series with two in parallel is a common network.
Sampling a signal too slowly folds it onto a false lower frequency.
A flat plate facing the sun settles at a temperature set by absorbed sunlight and radiated heat.
A compressed spring stores energy that can launch a mass.
In steady level flight thrust equals drag, which is weight over the lift to drag ratio.
A transformer scales voltage by the turns ratio and current by the inverse.
Two pulleys joined by an open belt need a belt of a set length, and the small pulley sees a wrap angle.
A flush fastener head needs a conical recess.
Diluting a stock solution to a lower strength needs a known volume of stock and solvent.
The time to drill a hole depends on depth, feed and spindle speed.
Gas sealed in a rigid vessel changes pressure as it warms or cools.
A lever trades distance for force.
A linear actuator moves a load with ramps up and down in speed.
A double acting air cylinder uses free air each stroke.
A cutting speed in feet per minute turns into a spindle speed once the tool or work diameter is known.
The tap drill size sets how much of the thread is cut.
A dish concentrates radio power in one direction.
A camera lens and sensor see a width at a given distance.
Air moving past a body presses on it with dynamic pressure.
The current in a coil rises over time when a voltage is applied.
A thin lens forms an image at a distance that depends on the focal length and the object distance.
The Mach number is the speed over the speed of sound, which depends on air temperature.
The gain of an amplifier stage is set by two resistors.
A fiber link loses light in the fiber, the connectors and the splices.
A gap measured at assembly is closed down to the target with equal shims.
The weight of a plain block comes from its size and density.
A finite wing pays a drag price for lift that falls as the aspect ratio rises.
A slab of liquid freezes from the outside in, at a rate set by the latent heat and the heat paths.
A coil and a capacitor ring at a frequency set by both.
A seal ring works by being squeezed in its groove and stretched on its seat.
A beam fixed at one end and held by a prop at the other carries a uniform load statically indeterminate.
A round tube has an area, a moment of inertia and a radius of gyration that set how slender a column of it is.
A toggle linkage near straight multiplies a small push into a large clamp force.
A voltage divider sags when a load is hung on it.
A mass on a spinning arm pulls outward with a force that grows with the square of the speed.
A cone cut off flat, as in a funnel or a hopper, has a volume and a side area set by its two radii and height.
A sample mean carries an uncertainty that shrinks with the sample size.
The distance round an ellipse has no simple exact form, but a close approximation is easy.
A cavity with a short neck rings at a frequency set by the neck and the cavity volume.
An inclined manometer stretches a small pressure into a long reading along the tube.
A resistor and capacitor form a simple low-pass filter.
The time a sound takes to fade in a room depends on its volume and the sound absorbed.
Springs combine in series and in parallel.
Three sides fix a triangle.
The right bolt length depends on the stack it clamps, the washer and the nut, plus thread showing past the nut.
A step-down switching converter has a duty cycle set by the voltage ratio and a ripple current set by the coil.
A horizontal round tank holds a volume that depends on the depth of liquid in it.
The light on a surface from a small source falls with the square of the distance and with the angle.
Repeated work gets faster by a fixed fraction each time the quantity doubles.
A linear regulator burns the voltage it drops as heat.
The number of samples needed to know a mean within a set margin depends on the scatter and the confidence wanted.
The road speed of a vehicle follows from engine speed, the total gear ratio and the tire size.
A bridge of four resistors turns a small change in one into a voltage.
Many cures and aging effects speed up with temperature in a way the Arrhenius law describes.
Liquid pushed through a nozzle by a pressure drop leaves at a speed given by Bernoulli.
A liquid is slightly compressible, and under high pressure the change in volume matters.
Two capacitors in parallel in series with a third share a voltage in proportion to the inverse of their capacitance.
An air receiver supplies a burst of demand while the pressure falls from a high to a low value.
A tension test gives two measures of ductility: the stretch over the gauge length, and the thinning at the break.
A copper trace on a board heats as it carries current.
In electroplating the metal deposited follows the charge passed.
A voltage that swings has a peak, an effective value and an average, and their ratios depend on the shape.
A hole or pin at maximum material condition gets extra position tolerance as its size moves away from the limit.
An altimeter set to a local pressure reads a different altitude from the standard pressure altitude used for performance.
The table feed of a milling cutter follows from the number of teeth, the spindle speed and the chip taken by each tooth.
A wound coil needs a length of wire set by its turns and diameter.
A wind at an angle to the runway splits into a part along it and a part across it.
The fuel on board and the burn rate give the time aloft and, at a ground speed, the distance.
Pulling out of a dive along a circular path loads the airplane above one g.
Many pumps are rated in volume flow, while loads and thrust depend on mass flow.
Stretching a bar thins it sideways by Poisson's ratio, so its volume changes by a smaller amount than the stretch suggests.
Turning a nut a set angle past snug stretches the bolt and squeezes the joint by the thread advance.
A steady wind changes both the heading to hold a course and the speed over the ground.
Air flow needed to remove a heat load.
Two large facing plates at different temperatures exchange heat by radiation.
Rivets set too close together or too near an edge tear out the sheet.
A solid rectangular bar twisted by a torque carries its highest shear stress at the middle of the long side.
Two-node bar elements assembled into a tridiagonal matrix and solved by the Thomas algorithm, with displacements, stresses and reaction against the exact answer.
Build or import a model, view it in 3D, run the Fortran finite element solver on the server, and plot displacements and stresses in 3D.
Run the NASA NASTRAN 95 finite element program on your model: statics, natural frequencies and buckling, with 3D result plots.
Panels & stiffened shells - combined-load panel analysis with stiffener interaction.
Sandwich-panel honeycomb core stress-interaction analysis: through-thickness compression and two transverse-shear stress components checked against core allowables using published max-stress, quadrati
Joints, fasteners & fittings - bearing, bypass, tear-out and net-section checks.
NASA-STD-5020A fastener torque, preload and locking-feature analysis.
Unified Thread Standard (UN/UNF/UNEF) dimension lookup, Class 2A/2B.
Eccentric shear joint, version 2 - enter each fastener’s own location for a staggered, L-shaped, or otherwise uneven fastener group.
Concentric preloaded bolted-joint capability per HSB 63120-01 / VDI 2230 practice - torque-to-preload range, joint stiffness factor, residual clamp, fatigue and bearing checks.
Triangular/rectangular gusset plate capability screen: ESDU/Bruhn-style plate buckling, Euler column buckling of the loaded strip, and fastener bearing, shear-out and net-section strength, with margins of safety.
FEM fastener PBUSH shear and axial stiffness from Huth's published semi-empirical fastener flexibility method, plus a fastener shear-stress margin check.
Hub-and-shaft shrink fit / interference fit capability screen using Hamrock's published Lamé thick-cylinder interference-fit theory: interference pressure, radial interference, hub and shaft stresses,
VDI 2230 / MIL-HDBK-60 style bolt preload analysis: torque-to-preload, tightening von Mises equivalent stress and utilization ratio, embedding (settling) preload loss, and residual-clamp margins.
ESDU 87007 / Bruhn-Niu style clevis lug and pin static-strength review: net-tension, shear-bearing and transverse lug efficiency checks, Cozzone pin bending, pin shear, and spherical bearing margins.
Bruhn/Niu style rigid-plate fastener-group analysis: centroid, polar moment of inertia, per-fastener direct and torsional load distribution under combined shear and moment, and critical-fastener margin.
Tie-rod / strut axial-member analysis: tension yield/ultimate margin, Euler/Johnson column buckling stability, and end-fitting (lug or thread) allowable-load check, with full graphics.
Fuselage frame/ring stress and stability review: outer- and inner-cap crippling stress via the published Gerard method, web shear-buckling per classical plate-buckling theory, and overall Euler/Johnso
EJMA bellows convolution stress and parametric fatigue analysis.
Sandwich-panel stability analysis covering overall panel buckling (shear-flexible plate), facesheet wrinkling, and intracell (facesheet) dimpling per published Bruhn / Hexcel / Niu sandwich-construction theory.
B-Basis (and A-Basis) material allowable calculator using the MIL-HDBK-17 / CMH-17 / ASTM E739 one-sided normal tolerance-limit method: sample size, mean, coefficient of variation, and application knockdown factors.
Ply-level Tsai-Wu tensor-polynomial failure criterion: enter a ply stress state and standard lamina allowables, compute the Tsai-Wu failure index, reserve factor, and margin of safety, with a failure-envelope diagram.
Laminate ply allowables lookup by ply-percentage makeup: netting-analysis ply-family stresses, environment and damage knockdown factors, and margin of safety for 0/±45/90 laminate families.
Full Classical Laminate Theory (CLT) stack-up analysis: build a ply-by-ply layup, assemble the laminate stiffness matrix, apply laminate loads, and recover ply-by-ply stress and margin of safety.
Library of standard combined-stress reserve-factor interaction criteria (max-stress, linear, quadratic, biaxial) per MIL-HDBK-5 / Bruhn / Niu practice, with a governing minimum-RF disposition banner and full graphics.
LP/HP turbine disc centrifugal stress (Timoshenko rotating-disc solution) and blade-root centrifugal pull, with combined rim-loading margin.
Compressor blade centrifugal + steady aero-bending mean stress checked against yield and a Goodman-diagram high-cycle-fatigue margin.
Drive shaft torsional shear stress and Rayleigh/simply-supported first lateral critical-speed check with rotor-dynamics separation margin.
Stator vane cantilever aerodynamic bending stress plus constrained thermal-gradient stress, combined margin of safety.
NGV through-wall thermal-gradient stress plus cooling-air pressure hoop stress, with an illustrative thermal-fatigue life indicator.
Simplified multi-station lumped-mass rotor screening - total mass, CG, bearing reactions, and first critical speed via Dunkerley's method.
Fuel pump casing pressure (hoop/longitudinal, Barlow) and mounting-bracket cantilever bending stress under vibratory inertial load.
Thick-wall valve body stress (Lamé equations, von Mises) and poppet/seat Hertzian contact stress at MEOP.
Manifold branch Darcy-Weisbach flow pressure-drop (informational) alongside an independent Barlow hoop-stress structural margin.
Single-degree-of-freedom natural frequency and damped base-excitation transmissibility, with margin vs.
Fan-blade leading-edge bird-strike preliminary screening using the published Wilbeck hydrodynamic impact model.
Wing leading-edge bird-strike preliminary screening: Wilbeck impact pressure plus a kinetic-energy absorption check.
Windshield bird-strike preliminary screening referencing FAR/CS-25.775, using the published Wilbeck impact-pressure model.
Generates publicly-documented ANSYS APDL input syntax for a simple element model (no solver internals).
Generates publicly-documented NASTRAN bulk-data card syntax for a simple element model (no solver internals).
Generates publicly-documented Abaqus keyword input syntax for a simple element model (no solver internals).
FeToolKit's own free-format convenience deck generator for a simple element model.
Classical smeared/equivalent stiffness properties for an 8-node shell element (not a numerically-integrated element matrix).
Classical smeared/equivalent stiffness properties for a 4-node quad element (not a numerically-integrated element matrix).
Closed-form axial rod element stiffness, stress, and load-path check.
Closed-form beam element stiffness, bending/shear stress, and combined-load check.
Subsection 3.1 / FeToolKit program screens
Below are representative FeToolKit program screens showing the interface used for finite element import, stress analysis workflows, composite repair utilities, fastener calculations, and results-led engineering assessment. This subsection helps visitors understand that FeToolKit is not only a theory-driven toolkit, but also a practical production environment for day-to-day aerospace structural work.
FeToolKit combines a long heritage of aerospace stress analysis with a task-focused software interface. The screenshots illustrate both the broad menu-driven toolkit and dedicated problem pages built for common engineering checks.