Section 3 / stress analysis toolkit

Over 300 tools for recurring aerospace engineering problems.

The suite is organized around the checks engineers repeat daily. Each tool should turn inputs, assumptions, and theory into a clear engineering result.

🛠️ Open the Interactive Workbench →

Every tool in one application-style window — browse by category, load a tool inline, no page reloads.

Panels and stiffened shells

Compression, shear, bending, pressure, combined loading, local instability, and stiffener interaction.

Plate bending stiffness and local buckling View tools →

Joints, fasteners, and fittings

Bearing, bypass, tear-out, net-section, lug, pin, bolted-joint, and fitting load transfer checks.

Bearing, tear-out and net-section strength View tools →

Beams, frames, and columns

Section properties, shear flow, bending stress, torsion, column buckling, crippling, and interaction ratios.

Combined axial and bending interaction View tools →

Pressure and membrane structures

Hoop stress, meridional stress, fabric loads, pressure-vessel checks, and envelope attachment load paths.

Hoop and longitudinal pressure stress View tools →

Buckling and stability

Eigenvalue buckling, knockdown factors, shell sensitivity, panel crippling, and slender member stability.

Eigenvalue buckling and knockdown View tools →

Thermal and material effects

Thermal strain, material knockdowns, stiffness changes, elastic allowables, and design sensitivity studies.

Thermal strain and temperature effects View tools →

Composite and laminate checks

Orthotropic stiffness, transformed plies, laminate resultants, failure indices, and directional margins.

Classical laminate theory View tools →

Loads and margins

Limit and ultimate loads, reserve factors, margin of safety reports, and consistent calculation templates.

Reserve factors and margins of safety View tools →

Electrical tools

Resistors, capacitors, inductors, filters, converters, motors, batteries, power, sensors, signal conditioning and communication links.

Circuits, power and signal conditioning View tools →

Aerodynamic tools

Atmosphere and airspeed, lift, drag, stability, flight performance, propulsion, high-speed flow and orbital mechanics.

Lift, drag and flight performance View tools →

Physics tools

Basic mechanics, energy, kinematics, rotation, thermodynamics, acoustics and optics relations for quick engineering estimates.

Mechanics, energy, waves and optics View tools →

Engineering documentation

Reusable assumptions, equations, units, references, load cases, and audit-ready calculation summaries.

Margin of safety reporting View tools →
01

CFRP Laminate structure MRB analysis and reporting on manufacturing or in-service defects.

CFRP laminate impact damage diagram showing impact location, surface buckling, delamination, matrix cracks due to shear, and matrix cracks due to bending.
Open CFRP Laminate MRB analysis → 🔒 Passcode required — use site passcode
11

O-ring seal geometric and configuration analysis — mandrel, bore, shaft/piston, groove sizing, percent fill, and lead-in diameter.

Schematic cross-section of an O-ring seated in a shaft groove within a housing bore, with groove depth and width dimensions.
Open O-Ring Seal Geometric analysis → 🔒 Passcode required — use site passcode
12

Threaded fastener and wire thread insert joint analysis — tensile and thread shear strength, bolt/member joint stiffness, and torque-to-preload.

Schematic of a hex socket screw threaded into a wire thread insert set in a tapped parent housing.
Open Fastener & Insert Joint analysis → 🔒 Passcode required — use site passcode

Section 3.2 / fatigue analysis toolkit

Fatigue

Cyclic-loading checks for metallic and bonded structure — S-N and strain-life fatigue, crack-growth life, and cumulative-damage (Miner's rule) assessment.

13

S-N / strain-life fatigue and cumulative damage (Miner's rule) analysis.

S-N fatigue curve with stress amplitude versus cycles to failure, and a cumulative damage summation across load blocks.
14

Fatigue crack-growth life (da/dN) analysis to a critical crack length.

Fatigue crack growth rate curve (da/dN vs. stress intensity range) and crack length versus applied cycles.
15

Hinge lug and actuator lug pin-loaded-hole fatigue life: ESDU 81006 / Peterson-style stress concentration, Goodman mean-stress correction, interchangeable quality factor, power-law S-N life and scatter-factor margin.

Pin-loaded lug hole with an S-N style fatigue curve, representing lug fatigue life analysis.
Open Lug Fatigue Analysis → 🔒 Passcode required — use site passcode

These two reserved tools await further fatigue-analysis source data and will be built out into full interactive calculators, matching the rest of Section 3, as it arrives.

Section 3.3 / additional stress analysis tools

More stress analysis tools

Beam, column, torsion, pressure-cylinder, plate-buckling, fracture, stress-state and notch-plasticity checks, plus spectrum fatigue, cold-formed sections, multi-span beams and reliability.

01

36 tabulated beam cases with superposition: reactions, shear, moment, slope, deflection and stresses, plus layered and bimetallic beams.

A supported beam with a load, its reactions and the shear and moment diagrams.
Open Classical Beam Solutions → 🔒 Login required
02

Beam shear, bending moment and deflection with margins for cantilever, simply supported and fixed-fixed beams under point or uniform load.

Beam with support triangles, a load arrow and a deflected shape.
Open Beam Bending & Deflection → 🔒 Login required
03

Beam-column interaction: secant moment amplification under axial compression with lateral load or end moments, stress and interaction margin.

Column bent under axial and lateral load.
Open Beam-Column Interaction → 🔒 Login required
04

Thin-wall torsion of closed tubes and boxes: shear stress, twist and stiffness, compared with the open-slit section.

Closed tube and box cross-sections under torque.
Open Thin-Wall Torsion → 🔒 Login required
05

Thick-wall cylinder under internal and external pressure: Lamé stresses, von Mises margin, bore growth and first-yield pressure.

Thick cylinder cross-section with radial pressure arrows.
Open Thick-Wall Cylinder (Lamé) → 🔒 Login required
06

Flat-plate buckling under compression, shear and combined loading with selectable edge conditions and a plasticity cutoff.

Rectangular plate with a buckled wave under compression.
Open Plate Buckling Analysis → 🔒 Login required
07

Fracture residual strength: stress intensity, critical crack size and residual-strength diagram for through, edge and surface cracks.

Cracked plate under tension.
Open Fracture Residual Strength → 🔒 Login required
08

Mohr's circle, principal stresses and von Mises, Tresca and maximum-principal margins with the plane-stress yield locus.

Mohr's circle with principal stress points.
Open Mohr's Circle & Failure → 🔒 Login required
09

Ramberg-Osgood curve with Neuber and Glinka notch corrections for local stress and strain at a stress concentration.

Stress-strain curve with a notch correction hyperbola.
Open Ramberg-Osgood & Neuber → 🔒 Login required
10

Rainflow cycle counting of a load history with Miner damage by stress-life and strain-life (Morrow, SWT) methods.

Load history with counted cycle histogram.
Open Rainflow Fatigue Damage → 🔒 Login required
11

Direct Strength Method column, beam and beam-column strength for cold-formed steel sections from local, distortional and global buckling loads.

Cold-formed lipped channel with local, distortional and global buckling modes.
Open Cold-Formed DSM Strength → 🔒 Login required
13

Stress-strength interference reliability of a series system of items with redundancy, mission failure probability and failure rate.

Overlapping stress and strength distributions.
Open Structural Reliability → 🔒 Login required
14

Section properties for common and custom beam sections: area, centroid, inertia, elastic and plastic moduli, shape factor, torsion constant and fiber stress.

Beam cross-section with centroid and axes.
Open Beam Section Properties → 🔒 Login required
15

Shear flow, shear stress, shear center and torque for an idealized single-cell box beam or frame bay under a vertical shear load.

Box section with arrows showing shear flow around the walls.
Open Closed-Cell Shear Flow → 🔒 Login required
16

Column buckling with the Johnson-Euler curve and the secant formula for eccentricity, plus an element-by-element local buckling and crippling estimate.

Column bending under compression with a column curve.
Open Column Buckling & Crippling → 🔒 Login required
17

Hertz contact for ball and line contacts, including a cylinder in a groove: contact patch, peak pressure, subsurface shear and yield margin.

A cylinder pressed against a surface with a pressure distribution.
Open Hertz Contact Stress → 🔒 Login required
18

Thread shear areas and stripping loads for the bolt and the nut or tapped hole, the bolt tensile capacity and the engagement length needed to balance them.

A bolt in a threaded hole with shear planes marked.
Open Thread Shear & Stripping → 🔒 Login required
19

Bending moment, shear, bearing and combined bending-shear margin for a bolt or pin in double shear through a lug and clevis.

A bolt through a lug and two clevis plates with a bending moment diagram.
Open Bolt Bending & Shear → 🔒 Login required
20

Miles equation and spectrum integration for a single-degree-of-freedom item: RMS and 3-sigma acceleration, displacement, equivalent static load and stress margin.

Random acceleration spectrum with a resonant response peak.
Open Random Vibration (Miles) → 🔒 Login required
21

Throat stress and margins for a fillet weld group under shear, torsion, axial force and bending using the weld-as-a-line method.

Two parallel fillet welds on a bracket with an offset load.
Open Fillet Weld Group Stress → 🔒 Login required
22

Interference, contact pressure and interface stress of a pin, shaft or bushing fit in a housing when the parts expand differently with temperature.

A pin in a housing with expansion arrows.
Open Thermal Fit & Misfit → 🔒 Login required
23

Helical compression spring rate, stress and solid height, and Belleville washer stack load-deflection with series and parallel stacking.

A coil spring and a stack of disc springs.
Open Spring Design → 🔒 Login required
24

Reserve factors and margins after temperature, basis and special-factor knockdowns, with the sensitivity of the margin to the allowable.

A bar of allowable strength reduced by knockdown factors.
Open Allowable Reserve Factor → 🔒 Login required
25

Bolt loads for gasket seating and operation, required bolt area, bolt margin and gasket contact stress for a bolted flange.

A flange with a gasket and bolts.
Open Flange & Gasket Loads → 🔒 Login required
26

Buckling of sheet between fasteners as a short column: buckling stress, plasticity cut-off, margin and largest pitch.

A sheet strip buckling between two fasteners.
Open Inter-Rivet Buckling → 🔒 Login required
28

Moment-curvature bending past yield with a Ramberg-Osgood curve: stress, strain, plastic modulus and moment capacity.

A beam section with elastic and plastic stress blocks.
Open Plastic Bending → 🔒 Login required
29

Seat contact load and pressure for a poppet or flat seal, sealing ratio, bearing margin and minimum spring preload.

A poppet pressed onto a narrow seat by a spring and pressure.
Open Poppet Seat Contact → 🔒 Login required
30

Wall stress, proof and burst margins and predicted burst pressure for a cylinder or sphere using the thick-wall solution.

A pressurized tube with hoop stress arrows.
Open Proof & Burst Pressure → 🔒 Login required
31

Fatigue life scatter factor from test data at a chosen reliability and confidence, and the Gumbel estimate of a rare maximum load.

A bell curve with a tail and a lower limit marked.
Open Scatter & Extreme Value → 🔒 Login required
32

Block fatigue damage with a two-point S-N curve, Goodman mean-stress correction, notch factor and Miner summation, with life and margin.

An S-N curve with load levels marked.
Open S-N Fatigue & Miner → 🔒 Login required
33

Cycles to grow a crack from its initial to its critical length using the Paris law, with scatter factor and margin.

A crack growing across a plate with the crack length against cycles.
Open Crack Growth (Paris) → 🔒 Login required
34

Lateral-torsional buckling of a slender rectangular or I-section beam: critical moment with warping, cut-off and margin.

A slender beam twisting and bending sideways.
Open Lateral-Torsional Buckling → 🔒 Login required
35

One table of margins of safety from many checks: lowest margin, its line, count of negative margins and a bar plot.

A bar chart of margins of safety for several checks.
Open Margin of Safety Summary → 🔒 Login required
36

Local notch-root stress and strain past yield from Kt, the nominal stress and a Ramberg-Osgood curve using Neuber's rule.

A stress-strain curve crossed by a constant-product hyperbola.
Open Neuber Notch Plasticity → 🔒 Login required
37

Deflection and maximum bending stress of a rectangular plate under uniform pressure with simply supported or clamped edges.

A rectangular plate bending under pressure.
Open Plate Under Pressure → 🔒 Login required
38

Shear load on each fastener of a pattern under an eccentric load: direct and torsional parts, worst fastener and margin.

A fastener pattern with an eccentric load.
Open Fastener Group Shear → 🔒 Login required
39

Face stress, core shear, deflection with shear deformation and wrinkling for a simply supported sandwich beam or panel strip.

A sandwich beam with two faces and a core.
Open Sandwich Beam & Panel → 🔒 Login required
40

Axial buckling of a thin cylinder: classical stress, empirical knockdown factor, design stress and margin.

A thin cylinder buckling in axial compression.
Open Shell Buckling Knockdown → 🔒 Login required
41

Restrained thermal stress in a bar or two joined bars, with yield and ultimate margins after temperature knockdown.

A heated bar held between rigid walls.
Open Thermal Strain & Knockdown → 🔒 Login required
42

Discontinuity moment, shear and peak stress where a pressurized cylinder meets a hemispherical head.

A pressurized cylinder with a hemispherical head and a junction moment.
Open Vessel Head Junction → 🔒 Login required
43

Reactions, bearing stress and bending margin for a beam held in a socket and loaded sideways.

A beam embedded in a socket with a sideways load.
Open Beam in a Socket → 🔒 Login required
44

Deflection and maximum bending stress of a flat circular cover under uniform pressure, simply supported or clamped.

A flat circular cover bending under pressure.
Open Circular Cover Plate → 🔒 Login required
45

Convert a point or vector between two 3D coordinate systems with an origin shift and three rotations; gives the rotation matrix.

Two sets of 3D axes rotated relative to each other.
Open Coordinate Transformation → 🔒 Login required
46

Heat flow, efficiency, effectiveness and tip temperature of a straight rectangular fin.

A rectangular fin with a temperature profile.
Open Cooling Fin → 🔒 Login required
47

Combined-load margin of safety from a general interaction equation with two or three ratios and their exponents.

A curved interaction boundary between two load ratios.
Open Interaction Curve Margin → 🔒 Login required
48

Exponential heating or cooling of a thin part: time constant, Biot number, temperature at a time and time to a target.

A temperature curve rising toward the surroundings temperature.
Open Lumped Thermal Transient → 🔒 Login required
50

Preload from tightening torque with a nut factor, preload spread from wrench and friction scatter, and bolt stress margin.

A bolt being tightened with a torque wrench.
Open Bolt Torque-Tension → 🔒 Login required
51

Member forces, stresses and buckling margins for a two-bar pin-jointed truss loaded at the shared joint.

A two-bar truss with a load at the shared joint.
Open Two-Member Truss → 🔒 Login required
52

Median-rank Weibull fit of failure lives: shape, characteristic life, B10, mean life and reliability at a chosen life.

A Weibull probability plot with a straight line fit.
Open Weibull Reliability → 🔒 Login required
53

First three bending natural frequencies of a uniform cantilever, simply supported or fixed-fixed beam, with tip mass on a cantilever.

A beam vibrating in its first bending mode.
Open Beam Natural Frequency → 🔒 Login required
54

Peak force, deflection, impact factor and deceleration for a weight dropped onto a linear spring-like structure.

A weight dropping onto a spring.
Open Drop Impact Load → 🔒 Login required
55

Shear and bearing stress in a rectangular shaft key, shaft shear stress, margins and required key length.

A shaft with a keyed hub.
Open Shaft Key Torque → 🔒 Login required
56

First-yield and fully plastic torque, shape factor and twist of a solid round bar or tube, with margins.

A round bar in torsion with the shear stress across the section.
Open Plastic Torsion → 🔒 Login required
57

Principal stresses, maximum shear, von Mises and Tresca stress and yield margins from the six components of a 3D stress state.

A stress cube with principal stresses.
Open 3D Principal Stress → 🔒 Login required
58

Steady radial conduction through a tube wall with an outside film: heat flow, outer surface temperature and temperature profile.

A tube cross-section with a temperature gradient across the wall.
Open Radial Conduction Tube → 🔒 Login required
59

Equilibrium surface temperature from the balance of absorbed sunlight and internal heat against radiation and convection.

A surface in sunlight radiating heat to a cold sink.
Open Radiative Equilibrium → 🔒 Login required
60

Reliability of series, parallel or k-of-n arrangements, with the weakest component and the part reliability needed for a target.

Blocks arranged in series and in parallel.
Open System Reliability → 🔒 Login required
61

Reactions, support and span bending moments and bending stress of a beam on three supports with uniform loads on each span.

A two-span beam on three supports with a bending moment diagram.
Open Two-Span Continuous Beam → 🔒 Login required
62

Contact pressure, PV value, Archard wear volume and depth, and time to reach an allowable wear depth for a sliding contact.

A block sliding on a surface with worn depth marked.
Open Sliding Wear & PV → 🔒 Login required
63

Deflection, moment and support pressure for a long beam on a continuous elastic foundation under a point load.

A beam resting on a continuous elastic support.
Open Beam on Foundation → 🔒 Login required
64

Curvature, radius and cantilever tip movement of a two-layer strip with different expansion coefficients.

A two-layer strip bent by heating.
Open Bimetal Strip → 🔒 Login required
65

Unidirectional lamina stiffness from fiber and matrix properties and fiber fraction, simple and Halpin-Tsai estimates.

Fibers in a matrix.
Open Lamina Stiffness → 🔒 Login required
66

Peak stress, Euler load and load to first yield for an eccentrically loaded column by the secant formula.

A column loaded off its axis.
Open Eccentric Column → 🔒 Login required
67

Peak bending moment, stresses and margins for a pin in double shear through a center lug and two outer lugs.

A pin through a clevis fitting.
Open Clevis Pin Bending → 🔒 Login required
68

Torsion constant, peak shear stress and twist for an open section built of thin strips such as an angle or channel.

A channel section in torsion.
Open Open Section Torsion → 🔒 Login required
69

Reynolds number, Nusselt number, heat transfer coefficient and heat moved for flow in a round pipe.

Flow inside a heated pipe.
Open Pipe Convection → 🔒 Login required
70

Hoop and radial centrifugal stress in a solid disc or a disc with a hole, and the speed at first yield.

A spinning disc with a central hole.
Open Rotating Disc Stress → 🔒 Login required
71

Shear buckling coefficient, critical stress and margin for a flat rectangular web with simply supported or clamped edges.

A rectangular web panel in shear.
Open Shear Panel Buckling → 🔒 Login required
72

Combined stiffness, deflection, load sharing and stored energy for springs or load paths in series or in parallel.

Springs connected in series and in parallel.
Open Spring Network → 🔒 Login required
76

Contact pressure, hub bore stress and friction torque capacity of a solid shaft pressed into a hub.

A shaft pressed into a hub.
Open Press Fit → 🔒 Login required
77

Volume flow, mass flow and jet velocity through a sharp orifice from the pressure drop.

Flow through an orifice plate in a pipe.
Open Orifice Flow → 🔒 Login required
79

Rivet shear, plate bearing and net-section capacity and margin for a riveted lap joint.

A riveted lap joint.
Open Riveted Lap Joint → 🔒 Login required
80

Natural frequency, magnification and transmissibility of a damped mass on a spring.

A damped mass on a spring.
Open SDOF Vibration → 🔒 Login required
81

Hoop, radial and axial stress through a thick cylinder wall under internal and external pressure.

A thick-walled cylinder cross-section.
Open Thick Cylinder → 🔒 Login required
82

Von Mises stress and margins in a round tube under axial load, bending, torque and shear.

A round tube with combined loads.
Open Tube Combined Loads → 🔒 Login required
83

Rated life in revolutions and hours for a rolling bearing, with reliability factor and required load rating.

A rolling bearing.
Open Bearing Life → 🔒 Login required
84

Peak and average adhesive shear stress and margins in a single-lap bonded joint.

A bonded lap joint under tension.
Open Bonded Lap Joint → 🔒 Login required
85

Effective width and carried load of a thin compression plate loaded past its buckling stress.

A buckled plate with edge strips carrying load.
Open Effective Width → 🔒 Login required
86

Convert stress and pressure, force, length and moment between common engineering units.

Unit conversion.
Open Unit Converter → 🔒 Login required
89

Collapse pressure and margin for a long thin tube or ring under external pressure.

A tube collapsing under external pressure.
Open Ring Buckling → 🔒 Login required
90

Temperature at depth, surface heat flux and penetration depth in a thick solid after a surface temperature step.

Heat spreading into a thick solid.
Open Thick Solid Heating → 🔒 Login required
91

First lateral critical speed of a shaft on two supports with a disc at mid-span, and separation from running speed.

A shaft carrying a disc between two bearings.
Open Shaft Critical Speed → 🔒 Login required
92

Gap change and closing temperature for a stack of parts in a housing with different expansion.

Parts stacked in a housing with a small gap.
Open Thermal Growth Gap → 🔒 Login required
94

Effectiveness, heat transferred and outlet temperatures of a counterflow or parallel-flow heat exchanger.

A counterflow heat exchanger.
Open Heat Exchanger NTU → 🔒 Login required
95

Total temperature and pressure, dynamic pressure, speed and recovery temperature at a Mach number.

Airflow slowing to rest at a nose.
Open Isentropic Flow → 🔒 Login required
96

Strain, plastic strain, secant and tangent modulus at a stress by the Ramberg-Osgood relation, with the curve.

A stress-strain curve with a gradual yield.
Open Ramberg-Osgood Curve → 🔒 Login required
98

Temperature, pressure, density, sound speed and viscosity of the standard atmosphere to 20 km.

Layers of the atmosphere.
Open Standard Atmosphere → 🔒 Login required
99

Principal strains and stresses, maximum shear and von Mises stress from a rectangular strain gauge rosette.

A strain gauge rosette on a surface.
Open Strain Rosette → 🔒 Login required
100

Hoop and axial stress, yield and burst pressure and required wall for a thin cylinder or sphere.

A thin cylindrical pressure vessel.
Open Thin-Wall Vessel → 🔒 Login required
102

Amplified moment, deflection and stress of a pin-ended beam under axial compression and transverse load.

A beam carrying compression and sideways load.
Open Beam-Column → 🔒 Login required
104

Inside and outside fiber bending stress and neutral axis of a curved beam of rectangular section.

A curved beam, such as a hook.
Open Curved Beam Stress → 🔒 Login required
105

Load factor, turn radius and rate for a level turn or pull-up, with the stall speed at that load factor.

An aircraft in a banked turn.
Open Flight Load Factor → 🔒 Login required
106

Mass of gas, pressure after a temperature change and stored energy of an ideal gas in a rigid tank.

A gas storage tank.
Open Gas in a Tank → 🔒 Login required
108

Mean, standard deviation and normal-distribution A-basis and B-basis values from a list of test results.

A spread of test results with a lower bound.
Open Sample Statistics → 🔒 Login required
109

Area, second moments, moduli and radii of gyration for rectangle, circle, tube, box and I sections.

Common cross-section shapes.
Open Standard Sections → 🔒 Login required
110

Linear or log-log interpolation of a pasted x and y table, with the slope and a plot.

A table of values with a point read between rows.
Open Table Interpolation → 🔒 Login required
111

Worst-case and statistical tolerance stack-up with the gap range and margin against a required gap.

A chain of dimensions with a gap.
Open Tolerance Stack-Up → 🔒 Login required
113

Forces, stresses and junction movement of a two-segment bar fixed at both ends with load and heating.

A two-segment bar between two walls.
Open Indeterminate Axial Bar → 🔒 Login required
116

Strut stroke and gear load needed to absorb a sink speed, with the margin on the available stroke.

A landing gear strut and tire.
Open Landing Gear Stroke → 🔒 Login required
117

Speed, period and escape speed of circular and elliptical orbits, and two-burn transfer velocity changes.

A planet with an orbit around it.
Open Orbit Basics → 🔒 Login required
118

Velocity change from specific impulse and mass ratio, or propellant for a given velocity change.

A rocket and its exhaust.
Open Rocket Delta-V → 🔒 Login required
120

Peak and average shear stress from a transverse force in common beam sections, with margin.

A beam section with the shear stress shown across the depth.
Open Beam Shear Stress → 🔒 Login required
124

Apex and equator membrane stress of an ellipsoidal or hemispherical pressure head, with margin.

A domed pressure vessel head.
Open Pressure Head Stress → 🔒 Login required
125

Heat flow, efficiency, effectiveness and tip temperature of a straight rectangular fin.

A rectangular fin on a hot wall.
Open Fin Heat Transfer → 🔒 Login required
131

Gross lift and net payload of a helium, hydrogen or hot air envelope at altitude.

A balloon envelope lifting a payload.
Open Buoyant Lift → 🔒 Login required
134

Overall ratio, output speed, torque and power of a two-stage spur gear train.

Four gears in two stages.
Open Gear Train Ratio → 🔒 Login required
137

Bend allowance, setback, bend deduction and flat length of a single sheet metal bend.

A bent sheet with two legs.
Open Sheet Metal Bend → 🔒 Login required
139

Root shear, bending moment and stress of a wing with elliptical lift and weight relief.

A wing with an elliptical load.
Open Wing Root Loads → 🔒 Login required
143

Push and pull force, speed, power and rod stress of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder.

A hydraulic cylinder with a rod.
Open Hydraulic Actuator → 🔒 Login required
146

Thrust, induced velocity and efficiency of a propeller from power by the actuator disc method.

A propeller disc with airflow through it.
Open Propeller Thrust → 🔒 Login required
148

Peak acceleration, amplification and displacement of an item hit by a half-sine shock pulse.

A half-sine shock pulse and an item on a spring.
Open Shock Pulse Response → 🔒 Login required
150

Range and endurance of a jet or propeller aircraft from the weight burned and lift-to-drag ratio.

An aircraft cruising with fuel burning off.
Open Breguet Range → 🔒 Login required
151

Subsonic and choked gas mass flow through an opening, with the critical pressure ratio.

Gas escaping through an opening in a vessel.
Open Choked Gas Flow → 🔒 Login required
155

Stall and lift-off speed, ground roll distance and time from weight, wing area and thrust.

An aircraft accelerating along a runway.
Open Takeoff Ground Roll → 🔒 Login required
156

Time to drain an open tank through a bottom orifice, with flow rates and level history.

A tank draining through a hole at the bottom.
Open Tank Drain Time → 🔒 Login required
158

Peak surface stress in a plate after a step change in surface temperature, from the Biot number.

A plate cooled quickly at its surface.
Open Thermal Shock Stress → 🔒 Login required
159

Bending stress, rate and deflection of a round-wire helical torsion spring with yield margin.

A helical torsion spring with two legs.
Open Torsion Spring → 🔒 Login required
163

End moments, reactions and span moment of a fixed-fixed beam under common loads.

A beam fixed at both ends under load.
Open Fixed-End Beam → 🔒 Login required
165

Lift curve slope of a finite wing, lift coefficient and induced drag.

A wing planform with a lift curve.
Open Wing Lift Slope → 🔒 Login required
166

Curvature and deflection of a beam with a temperature difference across its depth, with the held-straight stress.

A beam bowing from a hot face and a cold face.
Open Beam Thermal Gradient → 🔒 Login required
167

Notch sensitivity and fatigue notch factor from the stress concentration, radius and strength.

A notched bar with a stress concentration at the root.
Open Fatigue Notch Factor → 🔒 Login required
168

Pressure drop in a pipe run from friction, fittings and height, with drop against flow.

A pipe run with bends and a valve.
Open Pipe Fitting Losses → 🔒 Login required
169

Wall thickness, mass and performance factor for a spherical or cylindrical pressure tank.

A cylindrical pressure tank with domed ends.
Open Pressure Tank Mass → 🔒 Login required
173

Peak shear stress, torsion constant and twist of a solid rectangular bar under torque.

A rectangular bar twisting under torque.
Open Rectangular Torsion → 🔒 Login required
174

Bending stress at a point of a section loaded about both axes with a product of inertia, and the neutral axis angle.

A section loaded about both axes with a tilted neutral axis.
Open Unsymmetric Bending → 🔒 Login required
175

Resistance, voltage drop, loss and current density for a copper or aluminum wire run.

A wire run from a supply to a load.
Open Wire Voltage Drop → 🔒 Login required
176

Output force, pin reaction and bearing stress of a bellcrank with two arms at an angle.

A bellcrank with two arms and a pivot pin.
Open Bellcrank Pin Load → 🔒 Login required
178

Dew point, vapor pressure and humidity ratio from temperature and relative humidity.

A cold surface with condensation from moist air.
Open Dew Point → 🔒 Login required
180

Log-mean temperature difference and required area for a counter-flow or parallel-flow heat exchanger.

A heat exchanger with a hot and a cold stream.
Open Heat Exchanger LMTD → 🔒 Login required
182

Worst bending moment and shear on a simple span as a pair of loads crosses it.

A beam with two wheel loads traveling across it.
Open Moving Load Beam → 🔒 Login required
184

Time, turns and energy to spin a rotating body up to speed under a drive torque.

A flywheel being spun up by a drive torque.
Open Spin-up Time → 🔒 Login required
185

Power to hold a speed on a grade from rolling resistance, air drag, grade and acceleration.

A vehicle climbing a grade with resistance forces.
Open Vehicle Road Power → 🔒 Login required
187

Peak velocity, acceleration and jerk of a cam follower rise for harmonic or cycloidal motion.

A cam with a follower rising.
Open Cam Follower Motion → 🔒 Login required
190

Bending stress, deflection and rate of a semi-elliptic leaf spring under a center load.

A stack of leaves forming a leaf spring with a center load.
Open Leaf Spring → 🔒 Login required
192

Time constant, voltage, current and standard fractional times for an RC circuit.

A resistor and capacitor in series with a source.
Open RC Time Constant → 🔒 Login required
198

Temperature rise of a fluid carrying a heat load, and the flow needed for an allowed rise.

A fluid stream warming as it passes a heat source.
Open Fluid Heat Rise → 🔒 Login required
206

Load factor, radius, rate and stall speed of an aircraft in a level banked turn.

An aircraft banked in a level turn.
Open Banked Turn → 🔒 Login required
207

Battery runtime for a power load with efficiency, usable capacity and rate effects.

A battery pack supplying a load.
Open Battery Runtime → 🔒 Login required
211

Path loss, received level, link margin and range for a free-space radio link.

Two antennas exchanging a radio signal.
Open Radio Link Budget → 🔒 Login required
214

Torsional natural frequency of two discs on a shaft, with separation from operating speed.

Two discs joined by a twisting shaft.
Open Torsional Vibration → 🔒 Login required
217

Yawing moment from an engine failure, rudder force needed and available.

A twin-engine aircraft yawing toward a failed engine.
Open Engine-Out Yaw → 🔒 Login required
220

Split of an axial load between the skin and stringers of a stiffened panel.

A skin and stringer panel under an axial load.
Open Panel Load Share → 🔒 Login required
221

Pressure load on a plug door and the load per stop fitting with a sharing factor.

A plug door with stop fittings around the edge under pressure.
Open Door Stop Loads → 🔒 Login required
222

Induced velocity, hover power, disc loading and tip speed of a hovering rotor.

A helicopter rotor hovering with downwash.
Open Rotor Hover Power → 🔒 Login required
223

Web buckling stress, diagonal tension factor and equivalent web stress for a stiffened shear web.

A shear web with diagonal tension wrinkles between stiffeners.
Open Diagonal Tension Web → 🔒 Login required
224

Wing loading and stall speed at altitude and load factor.

An aircraft wing with lift balancing weight.
Open Stall Speed → 🔒 Login required
225

Neutral point, static margin and tail volume of a wing and tail aircraft.

An aircraft with a center of gravity ahead of its neutral point.
Open Static Margin → 🔒 Login required
234

Pump-down time from a starting to a target pressure with a constant gas load.

A vacuum chamber connected to a pump.
Open Vacuum Pump-Down → 🔒 Login required
236

Reactions, shear, moment, stress and deflection of a beam with several point loads.

A simply supported beam with several point loads.
Open Beam Point Loads → 🔒 Login required
239

Flow, head and power of a pump or fan after a speed or diameter change.

A centrifugal impeller with speed arrows.
Open Affinity Laws → 🔒 Login required
245

Flow from a valve Cv and pressure drop, or the Cv a flow needs.

A valve in a pipe with flow through it.
Open Valve Cv Flow → 🔒 Login required
247

Alternating and mean bolt stress with Goodman and yield margins.

A bolt carrying a fluctuating load.
Open Bolt Fatigue → 🔒 Login required
253

Line pull, hook load and efficiency of a block and tackle with sheave friction.

A block and tackle lifting a load.
Open Block and Tackle → 🔒 Login required
255

Flow over a rectangular or V-notch weir from the head over the crest.

Water flowing over a weir.
Open Weir Flow Rate → 🔒 Login required
257

Best lift-to-drag ratio, lift coefficient and speed from a parabolic drag polar.

An aircraft wing with drag polar curve.
Open Drag Polar → 🔒 Login required
259

Flywheel inertia, stored energy, equivalent ring weight and rim stress.

A flywheel on a shaft.
Open Flywheel Energy → 🔒 Login required
277

Load against deflection of a single coned disc spring.

A coned disc spring in cross section.
Open Disc Spring → 🔒 Login required
303

Time to raise a tank to a target pressure with a steady free-air supply.

A tank being filled with compressed air.
Open Tank Fill Time → 🔒 Login required
305

Dynamic pressure, wind force and overturning moment on a flat surface.

A sign panel in a strong wind.
Open Wind Load Force → 🔒 Login required
395

The time to charge a battery depends on its capacity, the charge to be added, the current, and the efficiency.

Diagram of battery charge time.
Open Battery Charge Time → 🔒 Login required
443

The right bolt length depends on the stack it clamps, the washer and the nut, plus thread showing past the nut.

Diagram of bolt length from the grip.
Open Bolt Length from the Grip → 🔒 Login required
498

Two-node bar elements assembled into a tridiagonal matrix and solved by the Thomas algorithm, with displacements, stresses and reaction against the exact answer.

A bar divided into elements with end supports and axial loads.
Open Axial Bar FE Model → 🔒 Login required
499

Build or import a model, view it in 3D, run the Fortran finite element solver on the server, and plot displacements and stresses in 3D.

A 3D mesh with a colored stress plot.
Open FEA Studio 3D → 🔒 Login required
500

Run the NASA NASTRAN 95 finite element program on your model: statics, natural frequencies and buckling, with 3D result plots.

A 3D mesh with a colored stress plot and the NASTRAN 95 name.
Open FeTNastran (NASA NASTRAN 95) → 🔒 Login required
502

Sandwich-panel honeycomb core stress-interaction analysis: through-thickness compression and two transverse-shear stress components checked against core allowables using published max-stress, quadrati

Sandwich Panel Core Shear Analysis
Open Sandwich Panel Core Shear Analysis → 🔒 Login required
506

Eccentric shear joint, version 2 - enter each fastener’s own location for a staggered, L-shaped, or otherwise uneven fastener group.

Eccentric Shear (Uneven Group)
Open Eccentric Shear (Uneven Group) → 🔒 Login required
507

Concentric preloaded bolted-joint capability per HSB 63120-01 / VDI 2230 practice - torque-to-preload range, joint stiffness factor, residual clamp, fatigue and bearing checks.

HSB Fastener Review
Open HSB Fastener Review → 🔒 Login required
508

Triangular/rectangular gusset plate capability screen: ESDU/Bruhn-style plate buckling, Euler column buckling of the loaded strip, and fastener bearing, shear-out and net-section strength, with margins of safety.

Gusset Plate Analysis
Open Gusset Plate Analysis → 🔒 Login required
509

FEM fastener PBUSH shear and axial stiffness from Huth's published semi-empirical fastener flexibility method, plus a fastener shear-stress margin check.

Bushing (PBUSH) Stiffness Analysis
Open Bushing (PBUSH) Stiffness Analysis → 🔒 Login required
510

Hub-and-shaft shrink fit / interference fit capability screen using Hamrock's published Lamé thick-cylinder interference-fit theory: interference pressure, radial interference, hub and shaft stresses,

Shrink Fit / Interference Fit Analysis
Open Shrink Fit / Interference Fit Analysis → 🔒 Login required
511

VDI 2230 / MIL-HDBK-60 style bolt preload analysis: torque-to-preload, tightening von Mises equivalent stress and utilization ratio, embedding (settling) preload loss, and residual-clamp margins.

Bolt Preload Analysis (VDI 2230)
Open Bolt Preload Analysis (VDI 2230) → 🔒 Login required
512

ESDU 87007 / Bruhn-Niu style clevis lug and pin static-strength review: net-tension, shear-bearing and transverse lug efficiency checks, Cozzone pin bending, pin shear, and spherical bearing margins.

ESDU Lug & Pin Bearing Analysis
Open ESDU Lug & Pin Bearing Analysis → 🔒 Login required
513

Bruhn/Niu style rigid-plate fastener-group analysis: centroid, polar moment of inertia, per-fastener direct and torsional load distribution under combined shear and moment, and critical-fastener margin.

Fastener Group / Bolt Pattern Analysis
Open Fastener Group / Bolt Pattern Analysis → 🔒 Login required
514

Tie-rod / strut axial-member analysis: tension yield/ultimate margin, Euler/Johnson column buckling stability, and end-fitting (lug or thread) allowable-load check, with full graphics.

Tie Rod / Strut Analysis
Open Tie Rod / Strut Analysis → 🔒 Login required
515

Fuselage frame/ring stress and stability review: outer- and inner-cap crippling stress via the published Gerard method, web shear-buckling per classical plate-buckling theory, and overall Euler/Johnso

Frame/Ring Crippling & Stability Analysis
Open Frame/Ring Crippling & Stability Analysis → 🔒 Login required
517

Sandwich-panel stability analysis covering overall panel buckling (shear-flexible plate), facesheet wrinkling, and intracell (facesheet) dimpling per published Bruhn / Hexcel / Niu sandwich-construction theory.

Sandwich Panel Buckling & Stability Analysis
Open Sandwich Panel Buckling & Stability Analysis → 🔒 Login required
518

B-Basis (and A-Basis) material allowable calculator using the MIL-HDBK-17 / CMH-17 / ASTM E739 one-sided normal tolerance-limit method: sample size, mean, coefficient of variation, and application knockdown factors.

B-Basis Material Allowables Calculator
Open B-Basis Material Allowables Calculator → 🔒 Login required
519

Ply-level Tsai-Wu tensor-polynomial failure criterion: enter a ply stress state and standard lamina allowables, compute the Tsai-Wu failure index, reserve factor, and margin of safety, with a failure-envelope diagram.

Laminate Tsai-Wu Failure Analysis
Open Laminate Tsai-Wu Failure Analysis → 🔒 Login required
520

Laminate ply allowables lookup by ply-percentage makeup: netting-analysis ply-family stresses, environment and damage knockdown factors, and margin of safety for 0/±45/90 laminate families.

Laminate Ply Allowables Lookup
Open Laminate Ply Allowables Lookup → 🔒 Login required
521

Full Classical Laminate Theory (CLT) stack-up analysis: build a ply-by-ply layup, assemble the laminate stiffness matrix, apply laminate loads, and recover ply-by-ply stress and margin of safety.

Laminate Stack-Up Ply-by-Ply CLT Analysis
Open Laminate Stack-Up Ply-by-Ply CLT Analysis → 🔒 Login required
522

Library of standard combined-stress reserve-factor interaction criteria (max-stress, linear, quadratic, biaxial) per MIL-HDBK-5 / Bruhn / Niu practice, with a governing minimum-RF disposition banner and full graphics.

Combined Stress RF Interaction Library
Open Combined Stress RF Interaction Library → 🔒 Login required
523

LP/HP turbine disc centrifugal stress (Timoshenko rotating-disc solution) and blade-root centrifugal pull, with combined rim-loading margin.

Turbine Disc & Blade
Open Turbine Disc & Blade → 🔒 Login required
524

Compressor blade centrifugal + steady aero-bending mean stress checked against yield and a Goodman-diagram high-cycle-fatigue margin.

Compressor Blade
Open Compressor Blade → 🔒 Login required
525

Drive shaft torsional shear stress and Rayleigh/simply-supported first lateral critical-speed check with rotor-dynamics separation margin.

Drive Shaft
Open Drive Shaft → 🔒 Login required
526

Stator vane cantilever aerodynamic bending stress plus constrained thermal-gradient stress, combined margin of safety.

Stator Vane
Open Stator Vane → 🔒 Login required
527

NGV through-wall thermal-gradient stress plus cooling-air pressure hoop stress, with an illustrative thermal-fatigue life indicator.

Nozzle Guide Vane (NGV)
Open Nozzle Guide Vane (NGV) → 🔒 Login required
528

Simplified multi-station lumped-mass rotor screening - total mass, CG, bearing reactions, and first critical speed via Dunkerley's method.

Whole-Engine Rotor Summary
Open Whole-Engine Rotor Summary → 🔒 Login required
529

Fuel pump casing pressure (hoop/longitudinal, Barlow) and mounting-bracket cantilever bending stress under vibratory inertial load.

Fuel Pump
Open Fuel Pump → 🔒 Login required
530

Thick-wall valve body stress (Lamé equations, von Mises) and poppet/seat Hertzian contact stress at MEOP.

Propellant Valve
Open Propellant Valve → 🔒 Login required
531

Manifold branch Darcy-Weisbach flow pressure-drop (informational) alongside an independent Barlow hoop-stress structural margin.

Propellant Metering Manifold
Open Propellant Metering Manifold → 🔒 Login required
532

Single-degree-of-freedom natural frequency and damped base-excitation transmissibility, with margin vs.

Engine Vibration (SDOF)
Open Engine Vibration (SDOF) → 🔒 Login required
534

Wing leading-edge bird-strike preliminary screening: Wilbeck impact pressure plus a kinetic-energy absorption check.

Bird Strike — Wing
Open Bird Strike — Wing → 🔒 Login required

Subsection 3.1 / FeToolKit program screens

See the software environment, menus, and specialist engineering modules.

Below are representative FeToolKit program screens showing the interface used for finite element import, stress analysis workflows, composite repair utilities, fastener calculations, and results-led engineering assessment. This subsection helps visitors understand that FeToolKit is not only a theory-driven toolkit, but also a practical production environment for day-to-day aerospace structural work.

What this subsection demonstrates

FeToolKit combines a long heritage of aerospace stress analysis with a task-focused software interface. The screenshots illustrate both the broad menu-driven toolkit and dedicated problem pages built for common engineering checks.

  • 1Integrated workflow: geometry, mesh, loads, constraints, solver setup, results review, and reporting are organized into an efficient engineering process.
  • 2Specialist tools: menus expose targeted modules for composites, defect assessment, panel checks, fasteners, joints, finite element utilities, and technical reporting.
  • 3Calculation depth: dedicated pages support practical data entry, design factors, loading variables, allowable strength checks, and engineering margins.
  • 4Aerospace relevance: the emphasis remains on the recurring structural problems aerospace engineers solve every working day.
FeToolKit software shown on a laptop with a modern engineering workspace, displaying a structural analysis model and results interface.
Modern workspace view. A contemporary FeToolKit environment presenting model navigation, setup controls, solution management, and results visualization within a single engineering workspace.
FeToolKit Stress Analysis Toolkit screen with the Composites Tools menu open, showing laminate defect, buckling, bond line repair, perforate damage, fastener, panel analysis, and MRB options.
Composite tools menu. This screen shows the breadth of composite-focused capability, including laminate defect assessment, buckling, perforate damage, fastener options, flat and curved panel analysis, and MRB database/report functions.
FeToolKit screen showing the Bond Line Repair submenu under Composites Tools, with scarf repair, partial scarf repair, doubler, borat, mesh stiffness, and joint stiffness options.
Bond line repair utilities. A dedicated submenu for scarf repair, partial scarf repair, doublers, borat-style checks, mesh stiffness, and joint stiffness — reflecting the practical repair-analysis orientation of the suite.
FeToolKit menu showing Stress Analysis Tools with options such as section analysis, fasteners analysis, buckling analysis, contact, loading, fatigue, damage tolerance, lugs, tension fittings and clips, and other user tools.
Stress analysis tool access. The classic menu-driven structure exposes section analysis, fastener analysis, buckling, fatigue, damage tolerance, lugs, fittings, and additional engineering/user tools for rapid technical problem solving.
FeToolKit 2D Fastener Check page showing a NASA-based fastener analysis form with material selection, geometry, design factors, loading variables, and allowable joint strength sections.
Detailed fastener module. This application page shows a structured calculation workflow for a 2D fastener check, including material selection, geometry, load inputs, design factors, and allowable joint strength evaluation.